How old is the computer? Do you know the brand/model/size of your power supply? Have you ran a memory test?
First thing I would do, is replace the power supply if it's old (or upgrade it depending on how big it is/what type). Second, run a memory test. Most swear by memtest86, I swear it's like 50 years old
http://oca.microsoft.com/en/windiag.asp
Then,
From Control Panel:
System > Advanced > Settings (under Startup and Recovery) > Under System Failure: Uncheck automatically restart
If reboots continue, go to the command line and run chkdsk /f and reboot, let it run its course.
Most common causes for unexpected reboots:
bad power supply
bad memory
overheating
Though it can be any number of things. Bad sectors on the hard drive, corrupt system files, malware (closely related to corrupt system files), blend of software/drivers/frameworks that create OS errors/memory leaks, and the list goes on.
If you run through the above with no resolution, I recommend going to this link and follow the instructions to set dr watson as the default debugger and get nitty gritty with the crash dumps.
http://blogs.technet.com/askperf/arc...ash-dumps.aspx
Good Luck, -dok